{"id":160,"date":"2019-06-26T15:32:41","date_gmt":"2019-06-26T15:32:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.contrado.com\/blog\/?p=160"},"modified":"2019-10-22T13:13:53","modified_gmt":"2019-10-22T13:13:53","slug":"history-of-the-sewing-machine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.contrado.com\/blog\/history-of-the-sewing-machine\/","title":{"rendered":"History of the Sewing Machine: A Story Stitched In Scandal"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The history of the sewing machine is one littered with accusations, failed attempts and some serious scandal. From narrowly escaping death to patent law suits, it\u2019s an interesting story that demonstrates the seam-ingly&nbsp;humble sewing machine ruffled more than a few feathers in its lifetime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>A 20,000 year old art form<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The history of the sewing machine wouldn\u2019t exist without the artistry of hand sewing. People started sewing by hand some 20,000 years ago, where the first needles were made from bones or animal horns and the thread made from animal sinew. Our inventive instinct explains the natural progression to want to improve sewing techniques and make it less laborious. Cue the Industrial Revolution in the 18th Century Europe, where the need to decrease manual sewing in factories became paramount.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>1755:&nbsp; The First Patent<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Charles Weisenthal, a German man, was issued a British patent for a \u201cneedle that is designed for a machine.\u201d There\u2019s no description in Weisenthal\u2019s patent of any mechanical machine, but it shows&nbsp;there&nbsp;was a need for such an invention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.contrado.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/weisenthal.jpg\" alt=\"Charles Weisenthal\" class=\"wp-image-163\" width=\"274\" height=\"407\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.contrado.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/weisenthal.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.contrado.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/weisenthal-202x300.jpg 202w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 274px) 100vw, 274px\" \/><figcaption>Charles Weisenthal<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2>1790: The First Detailed Design<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The history of the sewing machine essentially starts here. A cabinet maker from England named Thomas Saint designed the first sewing machine of its kind. The patent described a machine powered with a hand crank to be used for leather and canvas. Nobody knows if Saint built a prototype, but&nbsp;in 1874, English engineer, William Newton Wilson found the patent drawings. They were so detailed, he built a replica, proving that it did work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.contrado.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/ThomasSaintSewingMachine-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"thomas saint sewing machine\" class=\"wp-image-670\" width=\"321\" height=\"321\"\/><figcaption><em>Newton Wilson\u2019s model of Thomas Saint\u2019s sewing machine design<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2>Early 18th Century: Many Attempts, Many Fails<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s worth mentioning that all attempts of designing a sewing machine before the first successful one, all moved the needle side to side and were powered with a winding handle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.contrado.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/josef_madersperger.jpg\" alt=\"history of the sewing machine josef madersperger\" class=\"wp-image-667\" width=\"268\" height=\"363\"\/><figcaption><em>Madersperger, the Austrian tailor.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>1810: Balthasar Krems invents an automatic machine for sewing caps. He didn\u2019t patent his design but it didn\u2019t work anyway.<\/li><li>1814: An Austrian tailor, Josef Madersperger, was issued a patent in 1814. He was persistent, attempting several different designs, but all were unsuccessful.<\/li><li>1818: John Adams Doge and John Knowles invent America\u2019s first sewing machine, but it could only sew a few bits of fabric before breaking.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2>1830: The First Successful Sewing Machine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Joy! 40 years since Thomas Saint first drew and described a machine for sewing, we finally have a functioning sewing machine. Barthelemy Thimonnier, a French tailor, invented a machine that used a hooked needle and one thread, creating a chain stitch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.contrado.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/thimonnier1.jpg\" alt=\"Thimonnier\u2019s first sewing machine 1830\" class=\"wp-image-666\" width=\"320\" height=\"523\"\/><figcaption><em>Barthelemy Thimonnier\u2019s first sewing machine, 1830.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2>1830: A Riot &amp; Near Death Experience<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>After the successful patent, Thimonnier opened the world\u2019s first machine based clothing manufacturing company. His job was to create uniforms for the French Army. But when other French tailors got wind of his invention, they weren\u2019t too pleased. They feared his machine would result in their unemployment so they burnt down his factory while he was still inside. Never take your sewing machine for granted ever again; this guy almost died for it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.contrado.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/thimmonier-2.jpg\" alt=\"barthelemy thimonnier \" class=\"wp-image-673\" width=\"397\" height=\"277\"\/><figcaption><em>Bathelemy Thimonnier<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2>1834: Morals Over Money<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This is an example of sticking true to your beliefs. Walter Hunt created America\u2019s first functioning sewing machine, but he had second thoughts. Hunt thought such a machine would cause unemployment for many, so he didn\u2019t bother to patent the design. Now you see where things are going to get messy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.contrado.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/walter-hunt-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"walter hunt sewing machine\" class=\"wp-image-665\" width=\"344\" height=\"228\"\/><figcaption><em>A model of Walter Hunt\u2019s sewing machine, based on his patent drawings.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2>1844: A Lost Patent<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The sewing machines we\u2019ve seen so far are all made up of disjointed elements, with nothing really working together. In 1844, English inventor John Fisher designed a sewing machine that would eliminate this disparity between the moving parts. However, a botched filing job at the Patent Office resulted in his patent getting lost, so he never received any recognition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.contrado.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Sewing-Machine-Elias-Howe-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"history of sewing machine woman sewing\" class=\"wp-image-678\" width=\"305\" height=\"172\"\/><figcaption><em>A woman on an Elias Howe Lockstitch sewing machine<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2>1845: Elias Howe &amp; the Lockstitch<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Elias Howe from America&nbsp;invents a sewing machine that resembles Fisher\u2019s, with some tweaks and adjustments. His patent was to invent \u201ca process that uses thread from 2 different sources.\u201d His machine has a needle with an eye at the point, which goes through the fabric creating a loop on the reverse, a shuttle on a track that slips the second thread through the loop, creating what is called the lockstitch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He struggled to market his design, so he took the plunge and sailed to England. After a lengthy stay, he returned to America only to find others had copied his lockstitch mechanism. One of those was an Isaac Merritt Singer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.contrado.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Elias_Howe_sewing_machine.png\" alt=\"history of sewing machine elias howe machine\" class=\"wp-image-663\"\/><figcaption><em>Elias Howe\u2019s Lockstitch sewing machine, patented 1846.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2>1851:&nbsp;Introducing Isaac Singer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Isaac Merritt Singer is one of the most well-known sewing machine manufacturers, building an empire that is still going today. His iconic Singer sewing machines are beautifully ornate and somewhat legendary. He developed the first version of our modern day sewing machine, with&nbsp;a foot pedal&nbsp;and the up-and-down needle. He was also&nbsp;inspired by&nbsp;elements from the&nbsp;Howe, Hunt and Thimonnier&nbsp;inventions, causing Howe to file a lawsuit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.contrado.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/singer-sewing-machine.jpeg\" alt=\"Singer's first sewing machine\" class=\"wp-image-659\" width=\"423\" height=\"399\"\/><figcaption><em>Isaac Merritt Singer\u2019s first sewing machine, patented 1851.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2>1854: A Real Stitch Up<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.contrado.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/elias-howe-9345222-1-raw-212x300.jpg\" alt=\"elias howe\" class=\"wp-image-676\" width=\"185\" height=\"261\"\/><figcaption><em>Elias Howe<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Elias Howe took Singer to court for Patent Infringement, where he defended his case and won. Isaac Singer tried to refer back to Walter Hunt\u2019s design, expressing that Howe infringed upon his idea. Unfortunately for Singer, this didn\u2019t have any impact at all. The lack of patent on Hunt\u2019s design meant it was&nbsp;intellectual property for anybody to use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left\">What\u2019s interesting is that if John Fisher\u2019s patent hadn\u2019t have been filed wrong in the Patent Office, <a href=\"http:\/\/ismacs.net\/howe\/case_against_elias_howe.html\">he too would have been involved in the law suit<\/a> as both Howe and Singer\u2019s designs were almost identical to the one Fisher created.    <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>                                                             <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.contrado.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/isaac-singer-300x281.jpg\" alt=\"Isaac Singer sewing machine manufacturer\" class=\"wp-image-677\" width=\"204\" height=\"191\"\/><figcaption>Isaac Merritt Singer<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Consequently, Singer was forced to pay a lump sum of patent royalties to Howe,&nbsp;as well as giving him a share in the I.M. Singer &amp; Co profits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite all the allegations, drama and legal disputes, Howe and Singer both died multimillionaires, and each of these&nbsp;pioneering inventors gave the world the sewing machine. Without the early failed attempts and sheer persistence to create something that would relieve the women and factory workers of long, perilous hours, who knows what our clothing manufacturing industry would look like today. The history of the sewing machine is a complicated one, and as a result, many enthusiasts still debate who can claim the title of the real inventor. Our stance? We\u2019re just glad we still don\u2019t have to use animal sinew and bones.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The history of the sewing machine is one littered with accusations, failed attempts and some serious scandal. From narrowly escaping death to patent law suits, it\u2019s an interesting story that demonstrates the seam-ingly&nbsp;humble sewing machine ruffled more than a few feathers in its lifetime. A 20,000 year old art form The history of the sewing [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":161,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"%%title%%","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Dive into the history of the sewing machine. A story filled with scandal and accusations surrounding Charles Weisenthal, Thomas Saint & more."},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>History of the Sewing Machine: A Story Stitched In Scandal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Dive into the history of the sewing machine. 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